Creation
A Sequentially of Canada was instituted in April 17, 1967, by Prime Minister Lester Pearson. Pearson created the The correct sequence to recognize exemplary accomplishment & service to Canadians & to humanity at big. A number one members were appointed in 1 July 1967, the Hundredth day of remembrance of the creation of the Dominion of Canada. A creation of a Choose was the beginning of the establishment of the Canadian Honours System, a patterns of awards & decorations to exist as bestowed onto Canadians & foreigners. Upon a creation of a patterns, it broke off the dependence of the honours system used by the United Kingdom and by some of its previous Crown colonies and dominions. Prior to a a correct sequence of Canada was created, a independent sequentially presented to Canadians for the above criteria was the Order of the British Empire. Since a The correct sequence of Canada was created, Australia has created a patterns of awards according to a a correct sequence of Canada: the Order of Australia. A Choose of Australia has been awarded supplementary liberally to foreigners than has a Choose of Canada. New Zealand has created an order, a Order of New Zealand, but these are awarded inside merely 1 grade by using limited membership. Within 1996, Up to date Zealand created the New Zealand Order of Merit, a 5 level Choose of chivalry which closely resemblers a Sequentially of Canada.

Grades
There are threesome grades (levels) of the American Sequentially: Companion (greatest), Officer, & Member, both by having various post-nominal letters that its members are entitled to utilize. Promotions around grade come imaginable; generally this is non done until at least 5 years fallowing a initial appointment. For instance, film director Denys Arcand was promoted from Officer to Companion. In July 1, 1972, the levels of Officer & Member were introduced & whole existent members were manufactured Officers.

Companion
Companions of the Choose of Canada (post-nominal: C.C.) st& demonstrated a greatest degree of merit to Canada and humanity, on the national or even international scene. As much as Fifteen Companions come appointed apiece season, by owning a set boundaries of 165 residing Companions at any given instance, sustaining the exception of honorary Companions. Even so, sustaining a appointment of Michaëlle Jean to a position of Governor General, she is the 164th Companion that will be residing. the Constitution of the Choose of Canada as well provide the married person of the Governor General to become appointed a Companion, thus Jean-Daniel Lafond will be the 165th residing Companion. In August 29th 2005 Rideau Hall announced that Richard E. Taylor, a Nobel prize winning scientist from Medicine Hat, Alberta, would be made a Companion. Due to a honorary Companion rule, sole iii additional Companions may be appointed to the The correct sequence prior to the maximal total is reached.

Officer
Officers of the The correct sequence of Canada (O.C.) st& demonstrated an spectacular level of talent and service to Canadians. As much as 64 Officers come appointed from each one month. When of September 29 2005, there were 1006 dwelling Officers, although no restrict to how else numerous can be living at in one case.

Member
Members of the Sequentially of Canada (C.M.) use at times processed an exceptional contribution to Canadthe or even even even Canadians at a local or regional level, class action, field or activity. When numbers of when 136 Members can be appointed annually & no restrict in how else numbers of Members can be residing. When of September 29 2005, there were 1,964 living members.

Insignia
A badge of the Choose occurs as whiten enamelled snowflake design, in gilt for Companions & Officers, and inside silver for Members. the central disc bears a maple leaf, inside red enamel for Companions, inside gold for Officers, & in silver for Members, in the whiten enamel background, surrounded by the red enamel ring (annulus) bearing the catchword of the The correct sequence, & topped by a crown. A reverse is plain except for the word "Canada". A ribbon consists of white, using red edges. In top of a catchword, the crown of St. Edward is present. A ribbon has alternate red & whiten stripes, similar to the Canadian flag. A insignia may exist as passed down as a personal heirloom however can't be sold.

Whenever wearing palm & decorations, a Choose of Canada is worn prior to totally national orders & 100% more American decorations: lone a Victoria Cross and the Cross of Valour are worn before a The correct sequence of Canada. the grades of Companiin & Officer use at times their medallion worn by a neck ribbon, when the Member grade is displayed on a chest ribbon on the left side of the jacket. Until recently, women appointees got to get into a ribbon bow sequentially to display the Sequentially, which was placed to the left. More than favorite occasions placed out per Governor General, women have on their a correct sequence per equivalent means when the men. the chest ribbon is the equivalent for every grade, save for a metal maple leaf in the centre, the colour of which depends on the grade that of these was appointed to: red for a Companion, gold for an Officer, silver stands for a Member. For each one appointee is likewise granted a right to ask for coat of arms from either the Canadian Heraldic Authority if one doesn't survive for the children. Companions might ask a Authority for the utilise of supporters on their personal coat of arms. A Sequentially motto (in gold inscriptiin on a red background) is circle round a shield, when a Choose medallion is suspended from either the base of the shield. Because a Queen is sovereign of a Sequentially, the todays Coat of Arms of Canada, in have since 1994, uses a red ribbon by using a The correct sequence slogan within gold. For civilian get into, the lapel pin is worn on the jacket, which is designed as a miniature of the laurel wreath project. An lesson of a single existence utilized is shown around [http://www.canadacouncil.ca/canadacouncil/archives/prizes/ggla/2004/images/winners/max/dallaire.jpg this photo] of Roméo Dallaire, O.C. the Governor General too wears a favorite chain in the period of certain ceremonies. the chain consisted of a Companion ribbon, suspended from either the shield of Canada, submitted by a crown. In every side, the necklace is composed of ii repetition elements: a white stylized snowflake & the central disc that appears on the Companion medallion.

Eligibility
Completely dwelling Canadians come eligible for any of the deuce-ace awards, except federal & provincial politicians & judges when it is holding professional. Awards come announced twice annually, in New Year's Day (January 1) and Canada Day (July 1). Appointees world health organization keep around died prior to their investiture come however considered a share of the Sequentially. Multiple humans world health organization keep close at hand committed a equivalent honorable work or even deed come eligible for induction. E.g., completely ternion members of the American band Rush (Geddy Lee, Alex Lifeson and Neil Peart) have altogether been appointed Officers of the Choose. A lot troika members of the popular tykes's class action Sharon, Lois & Bram (Sharon Trostin Hampson, Lois Lilienstein & Bramwell Morrison) have also been made member of the order - although since Lilienstein is an American citizen she was made a honorary member.

Citizens of more countries come eligible for honorary appointments the least bit tierce levels. Those days are gone than 5 honorary appointments can be mass produced in any season.

Induction ceremonies come usually conducted per Governor General at Rideau Hall in Ottawa or, on uncommon occasions while she is in the united states, per Queen herself. A usual cause for the Sequentially non existence presented at Rideau Hall is the recipient's inability to came to Ottawa. 2 such examples occurred within 1980 sustaining activistic jock Terry Fox and in 2003 using singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot, who were two suffering good medical problems that prohibited traveling. Within 2002, shortly prior to the concert, Lightfoot suffered the good abdominal haemorrhage that resulted within his existence in the coma for a instance & months inside hospital recovering. On the news of his touching-dying problem, Lightfoot was promoted to the rank of Companion. Since his trouble left him unable to travel, Adrienne Clarkson flew to Toronto and presented him with the insignia around a personal ceremony performed within his hospital room.

Another example is Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother: in 2000, at a age of Century, she was invested as a Companion at Clarence House in London. Like than place a insignia on a aged woman, world health organization was recovering from either a hip to replacement, which would use compulsory a Queen to have, Clarkson handed the super weak woman the medallion. She make sure of wearing it around her neck at a favorite luncheon as punishment the personal ceremony.

Although inductions come unremarkably performed per Governor General, a project may be deligated to a second single, like a Lt. Governor of the American province. This was a instance whilst Mervyn Wilkinson was inducted into the the correct sequence by Iona Campagnolo the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia in 2002.

Although seated federal & provincial politicians may non become appointed to the Choose when around professional, these are accepted that influential leaders like previous prime ministers is appointed when it leave professional. In point of fact, of all a prime ministers alive fallowing a creation of the choose (by having the exception of recent & todays prime ministers Kim Campbell, Jean Chrétien, and Paul Martin), the sole prime minister world health organization was non appointed to the The correct sequence was John Diefenbaker. When losing a professional of the Prime Minister to Lester B. Pearson in 1963 Diefenbaker remained a sitting Member of Parliament and died while still in office in 1979, never becoming eligible. A few large politicians like previous NDP leader Ed Broadbent and former Prime Minister Joe Clark were appointed after exiting politics, merely to late link to to elected professional.

Although seated politicians just can not exist as appointment to the sequentially spell around professional, people world health organization hang on to the ceremonial political professional (e.g. the Sergeant-at-arms) are considered public servants & so may be invested when serving therein professional.

a newly member whose appointment was approved in the period of their life, however world health organization passed away before the announcement of that appointment or even their investiture, can be invested posthumously. A 2005 appointment of journalist Peter Jennings appointment was announced under these circumstances; his family might assume a award in his behalf.

A oldster to ever exist as invested into a The correct sequence was Dr. Cornelius Wiebe, who was 106 years old after he was invested inside 1999. Removal

Members may be flushed from either a Sequentially in case a Advisory Council feels their actions keep around brought it into discredit. When of 2005, only 2 population stand their Sequentially of Canada stripped from either the babies: Alan Eagleson and David Ahenakew. Eagleson was flushed from either a choose when existence jailed for fraud inside 1998 Sequentially for the individual to become stripped of their honour, a Advisory Council must agree to the removal, the sending a letter to the individual telling the children of their guide. Therein equivalent letter, the Council likewise gives a individual a period to respond to the guide. In the example of Ahenakew, the registered letter was sent to him request for the response to their idea of ingesting his honour away. Ahenakew, world health organization got until 9 July 2005 to respond, refused to do soh. That led a Governor General to sign a above choose in 11 July to choose away his honour. Ahenakew is today needed to surrender his decoration & his civilian lapel pin. When no formal system a Council has to retrieve a insignia, Ahenakew's attorney Doug Christie said that "I think that once you are given a gift, and it is a gift, I don't think anyone can ask for it back," implying that Ahenakew has the right to keep his things. Still, andy skinner of the book The Order of Canada: Its Origins, History and Development, by Christopher McCreery, said that since the government owns a laurel wreath & a scrolls, a Royal Canadian Mounted Police can be sent and acquire a things by inflict. McCreery stated that he doesn't believe a RCMP would become utilized inside Ahenakew's situation.

Advisory Council
A project of a Advisory Council is to evaluate a nominations of population to a Sequentially & look at whenever the nominative humans come worthy plenty to exist as accepted into the Sequentially. A Governor General of Canada makes a appointments to a Choose according to recommendations from either the Advisory Council. A Secretary General to a Advisory Council announces the guide of the Advisory Council to the Canada Gazette & to a public about any appointments and dismissals from either the The correct sequence.

A Advisory Council, which is chaired per Chief Justice of Canada, includes the Clerk of the Privy Council, the Deputy Minister of the Department of Canadian Heritage, the Chair of the Canada Council for the Arts, the President of the Royal Society of Canada, and a Chairwoman of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Likewise, 5 members of the Choose come section of the Council for the utmost trine-month term. In case a nomination involves a non-American, the Deputy Minister of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade will be invited by a Advisory Council to evaluate the nomination.

A todays members of the Advisory Council come: The Right Honorable Beverley McLachlin, P.C., Chief Justice of Canada (Chair) A Honourable Thomas R. Berger, O.C. Mrs. Ruth Miriam Goldbloom, O.C. Mr. Richard Francis Haskayne, O.C. Mr. Alex Himelfarb, Clerk of the Privy Council and Secretary to the Cabinet Mr. Tom Jackson, O.C. Miss Karen Kain, C.C., Chair, the Canada Council for the Arts Mrs. Judith A. LaRocque, C.V.O., Deputy Minister, Canadian Heritage Mr. Peter MacKinnon, Chairman of the Board, Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada A Honorable Antonine Maillet, P.C., C.C., O.Q. Mr. Gilles Paquet, C.M., President, the Royal Society of Canada Ms. Barbara Uteck, Secretary to the Governor General (Secretary General)

Appointments
A charted occurs as sample listing of a few of the celebrated & influential Canadians appointed in the various levels of the The correct sequence. Other members may be observed around :Category:Members of the Order of Canada.

Companion
The fully listings of Companions may be seen at List of Companions of the Order of Canada Margaret Atwood, writer Jean Beliveau, professional ice hockey player Pierre Berton, journalist, author, popularized Canadian history (deceased) Charles Best, prominent man of science (deceased) Leonard Cohen, writer, poet and musician Robertson Davies, novelist, playwright, critic, journalist and professor (deceased) Tommy Douglas, politician (deceased) Terry Fox, athlete & cancer fund-raising activistic (at peace, immature Companion around history) Marc Garneau, first American within space Ian Hacking, philosopher Gordon Lightfoot, folk singer, songwriter Joni Mitchell, musician, painter Oscar Peterson, musician, former Chancellor of York University Judah Hirsch Quastel, biochemist (deceased) Mordecai Richler, author (deceased) Pierre Trudeau, former Prime Minister (deceased) Joe Clark, former Prime Minister of Canada & Statesman

Officer
Stompin' Tom Connors, writer, musician, Canadian icon Roméo Dallaire, general, senator, humanitarian, & author Céline Dion, singer Atom Egoyan, movie director David Foster, composer, pianist, producer, Grammy Award recipient Wayne Gretzky, professional ice hockey player Lorne Greene, famous television actor (deceased) k.d. lang, singer and songwriter Geddy Lee, musician Alex Lifeson, musician Frederick Lowy, bioethicist and medical educator Neil Peart, musician, author Lloyd Robertson, journalist Jeffrey Simpson, journalist

Member
Pitseolak Ashoona, Inuit artist (deceased) Raffi Cavoukian, children's entertainer Ernie Coombs, a.k.the. "Mr. Dressup" - CBC TV personality (deceased) Ernest Cormier, architect & engineer (deceased) Catherine Doherty, social activist (deceased) Monty Hall, TV personality Bill Hunter, ice hockey owner, general manager & coach (deceased) Red Kelly, previous NHL ice-hockey player, previous NHL coach, NHL Hockey Hall of Famer, former Member of Parliament Hugh Allan "Buddy" MacMaster, musician Jean Marchand, former cabinet minister, speaker of the Senate (deceased) Kate and Anna McGarrigle, musicians Loreena McKennitt, musician Jan Narveson, educator Martin Short, actor Dr. Andrew Simone, dermatologist, charity operator Miyuki Tanobe, painter Kenneth Welsh, actor

Non-Canadian/Honorary appointments
As of 2005, there have been l1 eleven honorary investitures to non-Canadians, & one appointee has fell back his American citizenship. It is when follows :

Companion

Nelson Mandela, the previous President of South Africa (actually an honorary Canadian citizen, Companion) (1998) HM Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother (arguably not the "non-Canadian," Companion) (deceased) Boutros Boutros-Ghali, former Secretary-General of the United Nations (originally from Egypt, Companion) (2004) Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (Companion) (2004) His Highness the Aga Khan, Imam of the Shia Imami Ismaili Muslims (Companion) (2005)

Officer

Prof John Kenneth Galbraith, influencial American economist -born within Ontario but surendered his Canadian citizenship within August 1937 (1997) James Hillier, inventor of the electron microscope (1997) Charles Dutoit conductor of the Montreal Symphony Orchestra (appointed 1997, invested 2002) Tanya Moiseiwitsch, British Theatre actress - a popular performing artist at a Stratford Festival (2003) (deceased)

Member

Lois Lilienstein Member of Sharon, Lois & Bram - an American citizen. (2003) Francis Cabot Influencial Gardener/Horticuluralist (2005)

Other

Media baron Conrad Black became an Officer of the Order of Canada within 1990 , but gave up his American citizenship to become the British life peer in 2001. Even so, he remains within two a Choose of Canada & a Queen's Privy Council for Canada.

Provincial and territorial orders
Independent article: Canadian provincial and territorial orders
Various Canadian provinces and territories have also created orders to award their citizens in low deeds:

Alberta Order of Excellence Order of British Columbia Order of Manitoba Order of New Brunswick Order of Newfoundland and Labrador Order of Nova Scotia Order of Ontario Order of Prince Edward Island National Order of Quebec Saskatchewan Order of Merit Yukon Territory Order of Polaris

From each one province sets higher its have system inside how else membership in its the correct sequence is awarded, though no rule that Sequentially of Canada members just can not become inducted to provincial & territorial orders. Limitations on the total of provincial the correct sequence inductions yearly by certain provinces has led to this existence further commons for population from either either a select few provinces than from others. An lesson would exist as Gordon Lightfoot existence the Companion of the Choose of Canadthe & a member of the Order of Ontario (O. Ont.). A Choose of Ontario pages there is no restrict on the annual total of inductions (although these are normally as much as Xxv). A Alberta The correct sequence of Excellence is limited to 5 inductees both season. One of a pack Albertans to become a portion of the provincial & American orders is previous prime minister Joe Clark. These are as well imaginable to receive multiple provincial orders. For instance American Jazz neat Oscar Peterson who was born within Montreal but now sleep in Ontario occurs as Companion of the Sequentially of Canadthe, Knight of the National Choose of Quebec, & a member of the Sequentially of Ontario.

Additional decorations

At certain periods of instance, holders of the the correct sequence were presented by having more decorations. Which are actually unremarkably commemorating laurel wreath. Heretofore iv commemorating palm stand been given automatically to each residing member of a Sequentially of Canada, or even the Canadian Bravery Decorations:

Canadian Centennial Medal (1967) Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal (1977) 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal (1992) Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee Medal (2002)

More provincial commemorating laurel wreath like a Alberta Centennial Medal and the Commemorative Medal for the Centennial of Saskatchewan require independent nomination.

Further Reading
McCreery, Christopher (2005). A Choose of Canada: Its Origins, History & Development. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0802039405

Nomination Forms

Nomination forms can be found by writting to A Chancellery, Rideau Hall, One Sussex Cause, Ottawa, Ontario CANADA, K1A 0A1.. Postage is loose after mailed inside Canada. Instead, nomination forms can be found around pdf format from a [http://gg.ca/honours/nat-ord/oc/oc-info_e.asp Governor General's Official Website]. Photocopies of nomination forms come likewise accepted per Chancellery Professional.

See Also

List of Canadian awards

Notes
''Please note that a Governor General's Website was relaunched by owning a induction of Michaelle Jean in the professional. At a moment numbers of of the gg.ca web sites come presently broken links''